Friday, September 30, 2011

Hottest Korean Actresses

Ha Ji-won
Born: June 28, 1978
Ha Ji-won is one of Korean cinema’s top actresses.

She started her career playing supporting roles in television productions. In 2002, Ha Ji-won had her breakthrough role as the lead in the horror film Phone, earning her a best actress nomination at the Blue Dragon Film Awards. Since then she has gone on to make films like the Sex Is Zero, Reversal of Fortune, 100 Days with Mr. Arrogant & more recently Sector 7. She has also starred in the movie Haeundae.

Ha has also starred in the TV series Something Happened in Bali in early 2004, co-starring Jo In-seong & So Ji-sub. In that project, she played tour guide Lee Soo-jeong, who consequently attracted two men whom she did not like. She won a Baek-Sang Best Actress Award for her performance in this drama.

In 2011, she starred in Sector 7, South Korea's first 3D IMAX film, which has broken the year's box office records since its opening on 4 August.

Hottest Korean Actresses

Ha Ji-won
Born: June 28, 1978
Ha Ji-won is one of Korean cinema’s top actresses.

She started her career playing supporting roles in television productions. In 2002, Ha Ji-won had her breakthrough role as the lead in the horror film Phone, earning her a best actress nomination at the Blue Dragon Film Awards. Since then she has gone on to make films like the Sex Is Zero, Reversal of Fortune, 100 Days with Mr. Arrogant & more recently Sector 7. She has also starred in the movie Haeundae.

Ha has also starred in the TV series Something Happened in Bali in early 2004, co-starring Jo In-seong & So Ji-sub. In that project, she played tour guide Lee Soo-jeong, who consequently attracted two men whom she did not like. She won a Baek-Sang Best Actress Award for her performance in this drama.

In 2011, she starred in Sector 7, South Korea's first 3D IMAX film, which has broken the year's box office records since its opening on 4 August.

Hottest Korean Actresses

A list of the hottest Korean actresses of all time with photos. Not all of these actresses were born in Korea, but they are all of Korean descent. These beautiful Korean actresses are both sexy & talented (well, not all of them are necessarily talented). This list includes famous Korean actresses such as Eugene & hot Korean actresses such as Kim Gyu-ri. These may be actresses on the big screen or small screen. Either way, all of these Korean ladies are incredibly attractive.

  1. Ha Ji-won
  2. Yoon Eun Hye
  3. Kim Tae Hee
  4. Jun Ji-hyun
  5. Han Ga In
  6. Moon Geun Young
  7. Sandara Park
  8. Eugene
  9. Choi Jeong-yun
  10. Lee Da Hae
  11. Nam Sang-mi
  12. Ha Ri-su
  13. Uhm Jung-hwa
  14. Lee Eun-ju
  15. Yuna Ito
  16. Kim Gyu-ri
  17. Kim Yoon-jin
  18. Im Su-jeong
  19. Bae Doo-na

Hottest Korean Actresses

A list of the hottest Korean actresses of all time with photos. Not all of these actresses were born in Korea, but they are all of Korean descent. These beautiful Korean actresses are both sexy & talented (well, not all of them are necessarily talented). This list includes famous Korean actresses such as Eugene & hot Korean actresses such as Kim Gyu-ri. These may be actresses on the big screen or small screen. Either way, all of these Korean ladies are incredibly attractive.

  1. Ha Ji-won
  2. Yoon Eun Hye
  3. Kim Tae Hee
  4. Jun Ji-hyun
  5. Han Ga In
  6. Moon Geun Young
  7. Sandara Park
  8. Eugene
  9. Choi Jeong-yun
  10. Lee Da Hae
  11. Nam Sang-mi
  12. Ha Ri-su
  13. Uhm Jung-hwa
  14. Lee Eun-ju
  15. Yuna Ito
  16. Kim Gyu-ri
  17. Kim Yoon-jin
  18. Im Su-jeong
  19. Bae Doo-na

List of Selena Gomez Interviews

Selena Gomez interviews, covering every point in her career. These TV, radio & online interviews with Selena Gomez are listed in reverse chronological order, from newest to oldest. In the videos, Selena Gomez talks about her life experiences & work, often candidly, & includes numerous insider anecdotes, in conversations with various interviewers. These are the top interview clips of Selena Gomez.

Taken together, they represent perhaps the clearest depiction possible of Selena Gomez's public life. Glimpsing Selena Gomez on camera, in a relaxed interview environment, also provides an alternative look at a person that many have come to know only from afar, or based on second-hand accounts from journalists, bloggers or personal acquaintances. Hence this effort to collect only the most controversial, insightful & best interviews with Selena Gomez.

Have an idea for a discussion with Selena Gomez that isn't featured on the list? Leave a suggestion in the comments below!

List of Selena Gomez Interviews

Selena Gomez interviews, covering every point in her career. These TV, radio & online interviews with Selena Gomez are listed in reverse chronological order, from newest to oldest. In the videos, Selena Gomez talks about her life experiences & work, often candidly, & includes numerous insider anecdotes, in conversations with various interviewers. These are the top interview clips of Selena Gomez.

Taken together, they represent perhaps the clearest depiction possible of Selena Gomez's public life. Glimpsing Selena Gomez on camera, in a relaxed interview environment, also provides an alternative look at a person that many have come to know only from afar, or based on second-hand accounts from journalists, bloggers or personal acquaintances. Hence this effort to collect only the most controversial, insightful & best interviews with Selena Gomez.

Have an idea for a discussion with Selena Gomez that isn't featured on the list? Leave a suggestion in the comments below!

Armie Hammer on Vanity Fair's International Best Dressed List for 2011

MARIO D’URSO, chairman of Mittel Capital
ARPAD BUSSON, financier
ALEJANDRO SANTO DOMINGO, financier
COLIN FIRTH, actor
STAVROS NIARCHOS, shipping heir
NICHOLAS FOULKES, historian, writer, & editor
MARCUS SAMUELSSON, chef, restaurant owner, & cookbook author
ARMIE HAMMER, actor
JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE, actor, producer, singer-songwriter, & designer
JENSON BUTTON, Vodafone McLaren Mercedes Formula 1 driver

Armie Hammer on Vanity Fair's International Best Dressed List for 2011

MARIO D’URSO, chairman of Mittel Capital
ARPAD BUSSON, financier
ALEJANDRO SANTO DOMINGO, financier
COLIN FIRTH, actor
STAVROS NIARCHOS, shipping heir
NICHOLAS FOULKES, historian, writer, & editor
MARCUS SAMUELSSON, chef, restaurant owner, & cookbook author
ARMIE HAMMER, actor
JUSTIN TIMBERLAKE, actor, producer, singer-songwriter, & designer
JENSON BUTTON, Vodafone McLaren Mercedes Formula 1 driver

The International Best Dressed List 2011

A thread of tradition runs through this latest roster of haute style, as royal brides, tycoons, & movie stars alike cherish the perfectly broken-in handmade shoe or the heirloom bling. But it’s a sure bet that each one has a favorite new fashion purchase too!!!

For the first time as a member of the British royal family, Kate Middleton makes her way onto the International Best-Dressed List—her inaugural appearance came in 2008, & a whirlwind of fashion successes since has earned her a nod this year. She’s captivated the world with her signature mix of high & low fashion. (For a look at Kate’s particularly fetching travel attire, see our slide show.) Michelle & Barack Obama also make their first appearance together on the Best-Dressed Couples list. Michelle has been among the best-dressed ladies for the past four years, while the president has only earned a spot once, back in 2009.

Meanwhile, from Hollywood’s royal ranks come actors Justin Timberlake, Colin Firth, & Armie Hammer—all first-time entrants—while actresses Carey Mulligan & Tilda Swinton are second-timers. (Swinton returns after a three-year hiatus.) Among the fashion originals, Lady Gaga (her second recognition) is joined by Janelle Monáe—and NBC News anchor Brian Williams enters the illustrious ranks of the list’s Hall of Fame.

INTERNATIONAL BEST-DRESSED LIST: WOMEN

The International Best Dressed List 2011

A thread of tradition runs through this latest roster of haute style, as royal brides, tycoons, & movie stars alike cherish the perfectly broken-in handmade shoe or the heirloom bling. But it’s a sure bet that each one has a favorite new fashion purchase too!!!

For the first time as a member of the British royal family, Kate Middleton makes her way onto the International Best-Dressed List—her inaugural appearance came in 2008, & a whirlwind of fashion successes since has earned her a nod this year. She’s captivated the world with her signature mix of high & low fashion. (For a look at Kate’s particularly fetching travel attire, see our slide show.) Michelle & Barack Obama also make their first appearance together on the Best-Dressed Couples list. Michelle has been among the best-dressed ladies for the past four years, while the president has only earned a spot once, back in 2009.

Meanwhile, from Hollywood’s royal ranks come actors Justin Timberlake, Colin Firth, & Armie Hammer—all first-time entrants—while actresses Carey Mulligan & Tilda Swinton are second-timers. (Swinton returns after a three-year hiatus.) Among the fashion originals, Lady Gaga (her second recognition) is joined by Janelle Monáe—and NBC News anchor Brian Williams enters the illustrious ranks of the list’s Hall of Fame.

INTERNATIONAL BEST-DRESSED LIST: WOMEN

The Quantified::Self Business

Healthrageous offers tools to track progress toward health goals, but its most valuable asset may be data about you.Heal thyself: Healthrageous CEO Rick Lee thinks people will upload health data to social networks.

The genius of Facebook & one of the reasons it is worth more than $50 billion is that it effortlessly collects huge volumes of information by offering people a place to socialize. Healthrageous, a startup in Cambridge, Massachusetts, thinks it may be possible to perform a similar feat in health care.

The company, launched in 2010 by physicians associated with Harvard Medical School, offers its users digital health tracking devices including wireless pedometers, blood pressure monitors, & bathroom scales. Clients use the tools to gather data about themselves & upload it to a website where they can track progress toward goals, get wellness tips, & receive encouragement from friends, coworkers, & family members.

The startup is an offshoot of the small but growing "quantified self" movement, whose members believe that using sensors & recording gadgets to constantly collect data about themselves will lead to better choices about their health & behavior.

Companies such as Healthrageous are now testing whether self tracking for health or other reasons can be sold as a larger scale social experience to employers or the general public. & as with Facebook, says Healthrageous CEO & cofounder Rick Lee, data collected about user behavior may be "the most valuable asset in the company."

"When you start to do large data crunches with different variables & human characteristics, you get some interesting data that would be fascinating in the hands of pharmaceutical researchers looking to develop new drugs," he says.

It's not yet clear how big a business self quantification will turn out to be. Nike tapped into a large market with its wireless pedometers (which relay data from a running shoe to an iPod); many other firms are attempting to build communities through games or free apps to track health problems, although most still have relatively few users.

"Anyone who can code software can write a self quantification app; the question is who can move the world & change business with it," says Paul Wicks, head of research & development for PatientsLikeMe, a site where 115,000 patients with serious illnesses now track their symptoms & medications.

Healthrageous grew out of a 2008 study by researchers at the Center for Connected Health, a division of Partners HealthCare, that focused on people with hypertension who worked for the computing company EMC. These employees were asked to keep track of their blood pressure at home, & participants got feedback on their progress. The program proved so successful at lowering blood pressure that an independent reviewer estimated a three to one financial return, predicting that some EMC staffers would avoid heart attacks & strokes as a result of feedback they received.

On the basis of that success, the center's director, Joseph Kvedar, decided to commercialize the technology. It consists of an interactive software platform that collects data from wireless health tracking sensors such as pedometers & glucose monitors. The information is uploaded to Healthrageous's website, where it is then analyzed & returned to the user via smart phone within a few seconds.

Those data streams allow Healthrageous to give customized advice. For example, the program might ask whether a user wants to lower blood pressure through diet & exercise or with the help of medication. "We could then respond to those who say they want to do it naturally & say research has found that people who exceed 10,000 steps per day have a greater likelihood of bringing systolic blood pressure down to 120," says Lee. Users would then try to increase the amount they walk & wear pedometers to assess whether they were succeeding, with the software providing encouragement in a variety of ways.

Healthrageous is currently marketing its service to large employers & health plans & charging them per user fees. So far, Lee says, the company has seven clients including the Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary & about 1,600 users who will generate approximately $500,000 in revenue this year. But Lee says that Healthrageous, which has raised $8.5 million from investors, has plans to open the service to the general public next year.

Lee believes Healthrageous's value will increase dramatically if more people begin using the service. That's already happened with companies like Google & Netflix, whose algorithms build on users' previous behavior to customize ads or movie suggestions. "We need large volumes of people moving through the system so we can hone pattern recognition technology we have been developing," he says. "If we can match up who you are with changes you focus on, then we can start to map key personal characteristics that lead to successful behavioral change."

The real life data collected by such services is already proving enticing to marketers. PatientsLikeMe makes money by selling users' health data to pharmaceutical companies. Jacqueline Thong, founder of Ubiqi, a startup that developed a free phone app migraine sufferers can use to track what sets off their headaches, says she's also been approached by organizations interested in tapping the company's database.

Other self tracking companies are making their databases available to developers for free, with the hope that they will create new apps that bring in more users. For instance, Zeo, a startup located in Newtonville, Massachusetts, currently makes its money by selling a popular sleep tracking device. But Zeo also claims to have amassed the largest at home sleep database in the world. It has opened up that database to developers & scientists so they can conduct their own research or integrate Zeo's device with other self tracking systems.

As it has with Facebook, selling personal data is certain to raise privacy concerns. Healthrageous's Lee says his company plans to market the insights it gleans from its data, rather than the raw data itself. PatientsLikeMe, however, explicitly tells users that any information they share except identifying details, such as name & e mail address may be shared with pharmaceutical companies or other partners. Given that PatientsLikeMe has more than 100,000 members, users seem confident that the tools it offers, & the hope of medical advances generated from their data, are worth the loss of privacy.

The Quantified::Self Business

Healthrageous offers tools to track progress toward health goals, but its most valuable asset may be data about you.Heal thyself: Healthrageous CEO Rick Lee thinks people will upload health data to social networks.

The genius of Facebook & one of the reasons it is worth more than $50 billion is that it effortlessly collects huge volumes of information by offering people a place to socialize. Healthrageous, a startup in Cambridge, Massachusetts, thinks it may be possible to perform a similar feat in health care.

The company, launched in 2010 by physicians associated with Harvard Medical School, offers its users digital health tracking devices including wireless pedometers, blood pressure monitors, & bathroom scales. Clients use the tools to gather data about themselves & upload it to a website where they can track progress toward goals, get wellness tips, & receive encouragement from friends, coworkers, & family members.

The startup is an offshoot of the small but growing "quantified self" movement, whose members believe that using sensors & recording gadgets to constantly collect data about themselves will lead to better choices about their health & behavior.

Companies such as Healthrageous are now testing whether self tracking for health or other reasons can be sold as a larger scale social experience to employers or the general public. & as with Facebook, says Healthrageous CEO & cofounder Rick Lee, data collected about user behavior may be "the most valuable asset in the company."

"When you start to do large data crunches with different variables & human characteristics, you get some interesting data that would be fascinating in the hands of pharmaceutical researchers looking to develop new drugs," he says.

It's not yet clear how big a business self quantification will turn out to be. Nike tapped into a large market with its wireless pedometers (which relay data from a running shoe to an iPod); many other firms are attempting to build communities through games or free apps to track health problems, although most still have relatively few users.

"Anyone who can code software can write a self quantification app; the question is who can move the world & change business with it," says Paul Wicks, head of research & development for PatientsLikeMe, a site where 115,000 patients with serious illnesses now track their symptoms & medications.

Healthrageous grew out of a 2008 study by researchers at the Center for Connected Health, a division of Partners HealthCare, that focused on people with hypertension who worked for the computing company EMC. These employees were asked to keep track of their blood pressure at home, & participants got feedback on their progress. The program proved so successful at lowering blood pressure that an independent reviewer estimated a three to one financial return, predicting that some EMC staffers would avoid heart attacks & strokes as a result of feedback they received.

On the basis of that success, the center's director, Joseph Kvedar, decided to commercialize the technology. It consists of an interactive software platform that collects data from wireless health tracking sensors such as pedometers & glucose monitors. The information is uploaded to Healthrageous's website, where it is then analyzed & returned to the user via smart phone within a few seconds.

Those data streams allow Healthrageous to give customized advice. For example, the program might ask whether a user wants to lower blood pressure through diet & exercise or with the help of medication. "We could then respond to those who say they want to do it naturally & say research has found that people who exceed 10,000 steps per day have a greater likelihood of bringing systolic blood pressure down to 120," says Lee. Users would then try to increase the amount they walk & wear pedometers to assess whether they were succeeding, with the software providing encouragement in a variety of ways.

Healthrageous is currently marketing its service to large employers & health plans & charging them per user fees. So far, Lee says, the company has seven clients including the Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary & about 1,600 users who will generate approximately $500,000 in revenue this year. But Lee says that Healthrageous, which has raised $8.5 million from investors, has plans to open the service to the general public next year.

Lee believes Healthrageous's value will increase dramatically if more people begin using the service. That's already happened with companies like Google & Netflix, whose algorithms build on users' previous behavior to customize ads or movie suggestions. "We need large volumes of people moving through the system so we can hone pattern recognition technology we have been developing," he says. "If we can match up who you are with changes you focus on, then we can start to map key personal characteristics that lead to successful behavioral change."

The real life data collected by such services is already proving enticing to marketers. PatientsLikeMe makes money by selling users' health data to pharmaceutical companies. Jacqueline Thong, founder of Ubiqi, a startup that developed a free phone app migraine sufferers can use to track what sets off their headaches, says she's also been approached by organizations interested in tapping the company's database.

Other self tracking companies are making their databases available to developers for free, with the hope that they will create new apps that bring in more users. For instance, Zeo, a startup located in Newtonville, Massachusetts, currently makes its money by selling a popular sleep tracking device. But Zeo also claims to have amassed the largest at home sleep database in the world. It has opened up that database to developers & scientists so they can conduct their own research or integrate Zeo's device with other self tracking systems.

As it has with Facebook, selling personal data is certain to raise privacy concerns. Healthrageous's Lee says his company plans to market the insights it gleans from its data, rather than the raw data itself. PatientsLikeMe, however, explicitly tells users that any information they share except identifying details, such as name & e mail address may be shared with pharmaceutical companies or other partners. Given that PatientsLikeMe has more than 100,000 members, users seem confident that the tools it offers, & the hope of medical advances generated from their data, are worth the loss of privacy.

Google Flight Search Suffers Some Turbulence

It may work with jetlike speed, but other services still offer greater choice.

In flight: Google Flight Search lets users select flights by clicking on different cities on a map of the United States.

In April this year, Google bought ITA Software, a company that provides airfare data to travel sites including Kayak, Hipmunk, & Orbitz. This month, after the U.S. Department of Justice gave permission for the acquisition of ITA under conditions designed to maintain healthy competition in the sector, Google launched its own travel service, called Flight Search.

Google users can now search for, say, "flight from Boston to San Francisco," click on the "Flights" button that appears at the left of the Flight Search screen, & see options & prices in a fraction of a second—considerably faster than many other airfare services. A user can adjust parameters like date, time, & number of stops, & then select & purchase a ticket.

Flight Search also offers some nifty innovative features, such as a map that lets users click on cities to choose a route & a chart that shows how price fluctuates over time. The latter is especially helpful.

As Google often does, it emphasized how fast Flight Search is in a video introducing the new service, promising "results that update instantly"—that is, when a user changes a parameter like date or destination, the change in the results is immediate. Many other airfare search sites take several seconds to load new results.

But is faster really better? When comparing Flight Search with services like Kayak, Hipmunk, & even Expedia, a user will quickly notice that not only are some airlines missing from Flight Search, but entire airports—and every country except the U.S.—are missing as well.

Lance Cottrell, founder & chief technology officer of Anonymizer, a company that helps businesses perform anonymous research on competitors, says Google & ITA may be pre-calculating, or "caching," flight information in order to return results fast. According to Cottrell, "The number of possible routes is large—but nothing like the amount of data that Google is used to handling."

George Hobica, founder of Airfarewatchdog, a site that compiles airfare deals directly from the airlines & lists them, believes that part of the reason the service is so speedy is that it has a "smaller inventory to search through" than other sites.

Cottrell reports that the first airport he tried wasn't in Google's system at all. Google excuses this by saying, in a blog post, that this is "the takeoff, not the final destination," of Flight Search. The company says it plans to add the missing airports & airlines in the near future, as well as international flights. Google representatives were unavailable for comment.

Jacqueline Tanzella, a spokesperson for Hipmunk, says that her company isn't worried about competition from Google because Hipmunk provides more information & has a very loyal user base.

Travelers are likely to prefer choice over speed of search, but if Google can improve its inventory of airlines & cities quickly, then Flight Search could really take off.

Google Flight Search Suffers Some Turbulence

It may work with jetlike speed, but other services still offer greater choice.

In flight: Google Flight Search lets users select flights by clicking on different cities on a map of the United States.

In April this year, Google bought ITA Software, a company that provides airfare data to travel sites including Kayak, Hipmunk, & Orbitz. This month, after the U.S. Department of Justice gave permission for the acquisition of ITA under conditions designed to maintain healthy competition in the sector, Google launched its own travel service, called Flight Search.

Google users can now search for, say, "flight from Boston to San Francisco," click on the "Flights" button that appears at the left of the Flight Search screen, & see options & prices in a fraction of a second—considerably faster than many other airfare services. A user can adjust parameters like date, time, & number of stops, & then select & purchase a ticket.

Flight Search also offers some nifty innovative features, such as a map that lets users click on cities to choose a route & a chart that shows how price fluctuates over time. The latter is especially helpful.

As Google often does, it emphasized how fast Flight Search is in a video introducing the new service, promising "results that update instantly"—that is, when a user changes a parameter like date or destination, the change in the results is immediate. Many other airfare search sites take several seconds to load new results.

But is faster really better? When comparing Flight Search with services like Kayak, Hipmunk, & even Expedia, a user will quickly notice that not only are some airlines missing from Flight Search, but entire airports—and every country except the U.S.—are missing as well.

Lance Cottrell, founder & chief technology officer of Anonymizer, a company that helps businesses perform anonymous research on competitors, says Google & ITA may be pre-calculating, or "caching," flight information in order to return results fast. According to Cottrell, "The number of possible routes is large—but nothing like the amount of data that Google is used to handling."

George Hobica, founder of Airfarewatchdog, a site that compiles airfare deals directly from the airlines & lists them, believes that part of the reason the service is so speedy is that it has a "smaller inventory to search through" than other sites.

Cottrell reports that the first airport he tried wasn't in Google's system at all. Google excuses this by saying, in a blog post, that this is "the takeoff, not the final destination," of Flight Search. The company says it plans to add the missing airports & airlines in the near future, as well as international flights. Google representatives were unavailable for comment.

Jacqueline Tanzella, a spokesperson for Hipmunk, says that her company isn't worried about competition from Google because Hipmunk provides more information & has a very loyal user base.

Travelers are likely to prefer choice over speed of search, but if Google can improve its inventory of airlines & cities quickly, then Flight Search could really take off.

GPS Data on Beijing Cabs Reveals the Cause of Traffic Jams

[ Communications ]
The data could lead to novel urban planning solutions that would work in sprawling cities everywhere.

Traffic tracking: To understand the causes of Beijing’s traffic problems, researchers divided the city into regions, shown above, & analyzed the ways that taxis travel between them.
Microsoft Research Asia.

Beijing is a city famous for traffic jams. In 2006, rush hour reportedly lasted 11 hours a day, & the city has been called a "virtual car park" during daylight hours. As in most major cities, urban planners have been trying for years to relieve the pressure by adding new roads or public transit lines, or providing better enforcement for traffic laws.

Now a group working at Microsoft Research Asia has shown that tracking the location of taxicabs could be a better way to identify the underlying problems with a city's transportation network, helping officials determine how to best ease congestion.

The researchers used GPS data from more than 33,000 Beijing taxicabs. That data was collected in 2009 & 2010. The researchers were not just looking for bottlenecks—trouble spots that regular commuters may know only too well. "[Congested] road segments are only the appearance—they're not the problem," says Yu Zheng, who led the research. "We try to identify the true source of the problem in our work."

The researchers presented their work last week at the 13th International Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, which took place in Beijing.

To get at underlying causes of traffic problems, the researchers needed to get information about the trips people are taking—where journeys start, finish, & how a commuter travels in between. The researchers divided Beijing into regions & analyzed the taxi data to find places where two regions weren't properly connected.

Even if a taxi never encounters a slowdown, clues from the trip can indicate an underlying problem with urban planning. For example, the taxi driver might take a circuitous route from point A to point B, instead of a direct one. The added distance could indicate that the driver knows about a problem with what appears to be the fastest route.

The researchers' algorithms indicate when the network of roads & subway lines between two regions cannot support the number of people traveling between those regions. By pointing out underlying problems, the system shows urban planners where to focus their attention, Zheng says.

In some cases, Zheng says, the busy regions aren't really the ones that are flawed. For example, it may be that people from region 1 are going through region 2 on their way to region 3, in which case it may be better to connect region 1 & 3 directly, rather than trying to widen highways in region 2.

The researchers evaluated their system by examining how their calculations changed as Beijing's transportation network evolved during the two-year period they monitored. They found that when city planners added new connections between regions that algorithms had identified as flawed, conditions did indeed improve. Where flaws were identified but not fixed, traffic conditions did not improve.

Zheng says the system could easily be adapted for any city that has a large number of taxicabs—many of which struggle with traffic in their own right. Beijing ranks fourth in the world for number of cabs. The top 10 includes Mexico City, Bangkok, Tokyo, New York, Buenos Aires, & Moscow. Zheng says that, with enough data, his techniques would work as well there as they do for Beijing.

"I think this is an interesting direction, though I wonder to what extent the real problem in urban planning is not having the resources—money—to do anything about it," says Sam Madden, an associate professor at the MIT Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence Laboratory who studies wireless sensor networks, including GPS units.

Madden adds that the huge quantity of data the researchers amassed—enough to analyze every road in a city—makes the work impressive. Even a few years ago, he says, it would have been a challenge to get so much information about road conditions. For his own research, Madden put GPS sensors on taxis to gather data, but cost & difficulty limited him to tagging tens of taxis, not thousands.

 
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